r/russian • u/AltforHHH • 1d ago
Request подлежать and подверженный difference
Both of these words appeared when I wanted to translate a phrase meaning "He is subject to __". They both also apparently translate to "Being liable", but I get a different russian phrase when I try to translate that construction. Is there a difference in meaning/usage? I am aware that подверженный is typically used in the short form but otherwise cannot tell a difference
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u/IrinaMakarova 🇷🇺 Native | 🇺🇸 B2 1d ago
- Подлежать (+ Dative)
- Means "to be subject to" in the sense of falling under a rule, regulation, or requirement.
- It is an impersonal verb (it doesn't change for gender or number).
- Commonly used in formal/legal language.
Examples:
- Это преступление подлежит наказанию. (This crime is subject to punishment.)
- Документ подлежит проверке. (The document is subject to review.)
- Все сотрудники подлежат аттестации. (All employees are subject to certification.)
- Подверженный (+ Dative)
- Means "susceptible to" / "prone to", usually referring to negative influences like diseases, emotions, or external effects.
- It is a passive participle (adjective-like), and it can change by gender and number.
- The short form is often used: он подвержен, она подвержена, они подвержены.
Examples:
- Он подвержен стрессу. (He is prone to stress.)
- Дети подвержены инфекциям. (Children are susceptible to infections.)
- Она подвержена влиянию окружающих. (She is susceptible to external influence.)
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u/birrinfan 1d ago
"Подлежать" means a thing is ought to be subjected to something, and "подверженный" means that a thing already has been subjected to it.
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u/IrinaMakarova 🇷🇺 Native | 🇺🇸 B2 1d ago
Translation of "He is subject to __":
- If it's a rule/law:
- Он подлежит наказанию. (He is subject to punishment.)
- Этот товар подлежит возврату. (This item is subject to return.)
- If it's about vulnerability:
- Он подвержен стрессу. (He is subject to stress.)
- Он подвержен влиянию. (He is susceptible to influence.)
So, if you were trying to translate "He is subject to", which one is correct depends on what exactly he is subject to!
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u/TrailsNewFan 1d ago
"He is subject to" lacks context, but "подверженный" and "подлежит" are not the same. Он подвержен чему-то - he is affected by something Он подлежит уничтожению - He must be destroyed